Discussions on the regulation of decentralised finance (“DeFi”) have picked up pace over the past year. In the vein of the Financial Stability Board’s “same risk, same activity, same regulation” framework for regulating digital assets, many regulators have turned to the concept of activity-based regulation when looking at DeFi, stating that obligations apply to regulated activities even if they are decentralized.

The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) has offered more specific recommendations on how supervisory oversight could be applied in its proposed policy recommendations for decentralized finance. The recommendations centre around the concept of ‘responsible persons’, who may be subject to regulation for DeFi arrangements, and applying risk management, disclosures and other obligations onto such persons.

In this roundtable, we bring together policymakers and industry participants to discuss possible frameworks for DeFi regulation, covering:
- “Same risk, same activity, same regulation”: How can we bring practical clarity of this concept to the DeFi space?
- Responsible person: Possible models for attributing responsibility in a decentralised environment
- Compliance, decentralised: What do good governance and controls look like for DeFi? 

This panel will assess the state of instant payment systems around the world to identify critical adoption levers and key success factors to the adoption of instant payments in the retail space. Bringing together viewpoints from the merchant community, fintech and the public sector, the panel will discuss the role of digital public infrastructure, collaboration between industry players and the role of merchants in customer adoption.